For a question chosen from the first two and another chosen from the second two you are to write a clear, legible essay, using complete sentences and paragraphs. Each essay should take about forty (40) minutes to write. You should use specific details in your essay, such as proper names, dates, terminology, and primary sources as mentioned.
Discuss how modern science has changed Western Society's view of the world. You might consider the following questions: How did astronomy first destroy the medieval view of the universe, and what replaced it in the 17th century? What 19th century advances, especially in physics and biology, in turn brought further change, and how do these affect our view of ourselves and the world? Be sure to consider sources of Galileo, Voltaire, Observations of Woolen Spinning, and Darwin.
Discuss the political changes in Western states since 1648. You might consider the following questions: What were the two competing forms of government before the French Revolution and how did they work in various states? How did the French Revolution change political action? What conflicts, reforms and expansions of political power took place in Europe in the 19th century, and the rest of the world? Be sure to consider sources of Louis XI, Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Rights of Man, and Woman, Levee en masse, Napoleon, Carlsbad Decrees, Gotha Program, Crime of the Congo, Roosevelt Corrollary, Mazzini's Duties of Man, Plight of Macedonian Muslims
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Discuss the many changes taking place in Western Society during the Early Modern period (1648-1815). You might consider the following questions: What were the competing political systems? How did the economy and social status change as a result of the commercial revolution? What new cultural developments provided new ways to look at life? What new developments in science made people question their position in the world? How were these ideas applied to people in the Enlightenment? What did the French Revolution do to change things? Be sure to consider sources of Galileo, Voltaire, Rousseau, Georges Sand, Observations on Woolen Spinning, Louis XIV, Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Rights of Man, and Woman, Levee en masse, Napoleon
Discuss the changes taking place in Western Society during the Nineteenth Century (1815-1914). You might consider the following questions: What were the competing political ideologies, and what changed in the relations both between European states after 1815 and then Europe and the rest of the world? How did the economy and social status change as a result of industrial revolutions? What new cultural developments provided new ways to look at life? What new developments in science made people question their position in the world? Be sure to consider sources of Smiles, Owen, Howard, Carlsbad Decrees, Gotha Program, Darwin, Crime of the Congo, Roosevelt Corrollary, Mazzini's Duties of Man, Plight of Macedonian Muslims
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